BIOSTATISITCS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Unit-I 

Introduction:

• Statistics,
• Biostatistics,
• Frequency distribution

Measures of central tendency:

• Mean
• Median,
• Mode
• Pharmaceutical examples 

Measures of dispersion:

• Dispersion
• Range
• standard deviation,
• Pharmaceutical problems

Correlation:

• Definition,
• Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation,
• Multiple correlation - Pharmaceuticals examples 

Unit-II

Regression:

• Curve fitting by the method of least squares,
• fitting the lines y= a + bx and x = a + by,
• Multiple regression
• standard error of regression
• Pharmaceutical Examples 

Probability:

• Definition of probability,
• Binomial distribution.
• Normal distribution, 
• Poisson’s distribution
• properties - problems 
• Sample, Population, large sample, small sample,
• Null hypothesis,
• Alternative hypothesis,sampling, essence of sampling, types of sampling,
• Error-I type, Error-II type, Standard error of mean (SEM) - Pharmaceutical examples

Parametric test:

• t-test(Sample, Pooled or Unpaired and Paired)
• ANOVA, (One way and Two way),
• Least Significance difference 

Unit-III 

Non Parametric tests:

• Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
• Mann-Whitney U test.
• Kruskal-Wallis test,
• Friedman Test

Introduction to Research: 

• Need for research
• Need for design of Experiments
• Experiential Design Technique
• Plagiarism 

Graphs:

• Histogram
• Pie Chart
• Cubic Graph
• Response surface plot
• Counter Plot graph 

Designing the methodology:

• Sample size determination and Power of a study
• Report writing and presentation of data
• Protocol
• Cohorts studies
• Observational studies
• Experimental studies
• Designing clinical trial, various phases. 

Unit-IV 

Blocking and confounding system for Two-level factorials 

Regression modeling:

Hypothesis testing in Simple and Multiple regression models 

Introduction to Practical components of Industrial and Clinical Trials Problems: Statistical Analysis Using Excel

SPSS

MINITAB ®

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS

R - Online Statistical Software’s to Industrial and Clinical trial approach

Unit-V 

Design and Analysis of experiments: 

Factorial Design: Definition, 2 2 , 23design. Advantage of factorial design

Response Surface methodology:

Central composite design

Historical design

Optimization Techniques 

Recommended Books (Latest edition): 

1. Pharmaceutical statistics- Practical and clinical applications, Sanford Bolton, publisher Marcel Dekker Inc. NewYork. 

2. Fundamental of Statistics – Himalaya Publishing House- S.C.Guptha 

3. Design and Analysis of Experiments –PHI Learning Private Limited, R. Pannerselvam, 

4. Design and Analysis of Experiments – Wiley Students Edition, Douglas and C. Montgomery