PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Unit I 

Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation:

• Introduction
• Definitions 
• Homeostasis 
• Components and Types of Feedback systems
• Causes of cellular injury
• Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage)
• Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia)
• Cell swelling
• Intra cellular accumulation
• Calcification
• Enzyme leakage and Cell Death Acidosis & Alkalosis
• Electrolyte imbalance

Basic mechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair: 

• Introduction
• Clinical signs of inflammation
• Different types of Inflammation
• Mechanism of Inflammation  
• Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow
• Migration of WBC’s
• Mediators of inflammation
• Basic principles of wound healing in the skin
• Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis 

Unit II 

Cardiovascular System:

• Hypertension 
• Congestive heart failure

Ischemic heart disease: 

• Angina 
• Myocardialinfarction, 
• Atherosclerosis

Respiratory system:

• Asthma 
• Chronic obstructive airways diseases. 

Renal system:

Acute and chronic renal failure . 

Unit III

Haematological Diseases:

• Iron deficiency anaemia 
• Megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid) 
• Sickle cell anemia
• Thalasemia
• Hereditary acquired anemia
• Hemophilia 

Endocrine system: 

• Diabetes (Alternate Note)
• Thyroid diseases 
• Disorders of sex hormones 

Nervous system: 

• Epilepsy 
• Parkinson’s disease
• Stroke

Psychiatric disorders: 

• Depression
• Schizophrenia 
• Alzheimer’s disease.

Gastrointestinal system:

• Peptic Ulcer
• Inflammatory bowel diseases
• Jaundice
• Hepatitis (A,B,C,D,E,F) 
• Alcoholic liver disease

Unit IV  

Principles of cancer:

 

Classification, etiology and pathogenesis of cancer  

Diseases of bones and joints: 

• Rheumatoid Arthritis 
• Osteoporosis
• Gout 

Unit V 

Infectious diseases: 

• Meningitis
• Typhoid 
• Leprosy  (Alternate Note)
• Tuberculosis

Urinary tract infections 

Sexually transmitted diseases:

• AIDS, 
• Syphilis
• Gonorrhea 

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abas, Jon C. Aster; Robbins &Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease; South Asia edition; India; Elsevier; 2014. 

2. Harsh Mohan; Text book of Pathology; 6 th edition; India; Jaypee Publications; 2010. 

3. Laurence B, Bruce C, Bjorn K. ; Goodman Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics; 12 th edition; New York; McGraw-Hill; 2011. 

4. Best, Charles Herbert 1899-1978; Taylor, Norman Burke 1885-1972; West, John B (John Burnard); Best and Taylor’s Physiological basis of medical practice; 12th ed; united states; 

5. William and Wilkins, Baltimore;1991 [1990 printing]. 

6. Nicki R. Colledge, Brian R. Walker, Stuart H. Ralston;Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine; 21st edition; London; ELBS/Churchill Livingstone; 2010. 

7. Guyton A, John .E Hall; Textbook of Medical Physiology; 12 th edition; WB Saunders Company; 2010. 

8. Joseph DiPiro, Robert L. Talbert, Gary Yee, Barbara Wells, L. Michael Posey; Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiological Approach; 9 th edition; London; McGraw-Hill Medical; 2014. 

9. V. Kumar, R. S. Cotran and S. L. Robbins; Basic Pathology; 6 th edition; Philadelphia; WB Saunders Company; 1997. 

10. Roger Walker, Clive Edwards; Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics; 3 rd edition; London; Churchill Livingstone publication; 2003. 

Recommended Journals 

1. The Journal of Pathology. ISSN: 1096-9896 (Online) 

2. The American Journal of Pathology. ISSN: 0002-9440 

3. Pathology. 1465-3931 (Online) 

4. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology. ISSN: 1944-8171 (Online) 5. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology. ISSN-0377-4929.