PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –II

UNIT I 

Benzene and its derivatives 

 A. Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule 

 B. Reactions of benzene - 

• Nitration 
• Sulphonation 
• Halogenation- reactivity
• Friedelcrafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations 
• Friedelcrafts acylation.

C. Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic substitution reaction 

 D. Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine 

UNIT II 

Phenols* - Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitativetests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols 

Aromatic Amines* - Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts 

Aromatic Acids* –Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity andimportant reactions of benzoic acid. 

UNIT III 

Fats and Oils 

a. Fatty acids – reactions.

b. Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification and Rancidity of oils, Drying oils. 

c. Analytical constants – Acid value, Saponification value, Iodine value, Ester value, Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value – significance and principle involved in their determination. 

UNIT IV 

Polynuclear hydrocarbons: 

a. Synthesis, reactions 

b. Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Diphenylmethane, Triphenylmethane and their derivatives 

UNIT V 

Cyclo alkanes* 

Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory, 

Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), 

reactions of cyclopropane and cyclobutane only

PRACTICAL

I Experiments involving laboratory techniques 

• Recrystallization 
• Steam distillation 

II Determination of following oil values (including standardization of reagents) 

• Acid value 
• Saponification value 
• Iodine value 

III Preparation of compounds 

• Benzanilide/Phenyl benzoate/Acetanilide from Aniline/ Phenol /Aniline by acylation reaction. 
• 2,4,6-Tribromo aniline/Para bromo acetanilide from Aniline/ 
• Acetanilide by halogenation (Bromination) reaction. 
• 5-Nitro salicylic acid/Meta di nitro benzene from Salicylic acid / Nitro benzene by nitration reaction. 
• Benzoic acid from Benzyl chloride by oxidation reaction. 
• Benzoic acid/ Salicylic acid from alkyl benzoate/ alkyl salicylate by hydrolysis reaction. 
• 1-Phenyl azo-2-napthol from Aniline by diazotization and coupling reactions. 
• Benzil from Benzoin by oxidation reaction. 
• Dibenzal acetone from Benzaldehyde by Claison Schmidt reaction 
• Cinnammic acid from Benzaldehyde by Perkin reaction 
• P-Iodo benzoic acid from P-amino benzoic acid 

Recommended Books (Latest Editions) 

1. Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd 

2. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar , Volume-I 

3. Textbook of Organic Chemistry by B.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl. 

4. Organic Chemistry by P.L.Soni 

5. Practical Organic Chemistry by Mann and Saunders. 

6. Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry 

7. Advanced Practical organic chemistry by N.K.Vishnoi.