PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-II

UNIT-I 

Colloidal dispersions: 

Classification of dispersed systems & their general characteristics, size & shapes of colloidal particles, classification of colloids & comparative account of their general properties. Optical, kinetic & electrical properties. Effect of electrolytes, coacervation, peptization& protective action. 

UNIT-II

Rheology: 

Newtonian systems, law of flow, kinematic viscosity, effect of temperature, non-Newtonian systems, pseudoplastic, dilatant, plastic, thixotropy, thixotropy in formulation, determination of viscosity, capillary, falling Sphere, rotational viscometers 

Deformation of solids: Plastic and elastic deformation, Heckel equation, Stress, Strain, Elastic Modulus 

UNIT-III 

Coarse dispersion: 

Suspension, interfacial properties of suspended particles, settling insuspensions, formulation of flocculated and deflocculated suspensions. 

Emulsions andtheories of emulsification, microemulsion and multiple emulsions; Stability of emulsions,preservation of emulsions, rheological properties of emulsions and emulsionformulation by HLB method.

UNIT-IV

Micromeretics: 

Particle size and distribution, mean particle size, number and weight distribution, particle number, methods for determining particle size by different methods, counting and separation method, particle shape, specific surface, methods for determining surface area, permeability, adsorption, derived properties of powders, porosity, packing arrangement, densities, bulkiness & flow properties. 

UNIT-V 

Drug stability: 

Reaction kinetics: zero, pseudo-zero, first & second order, units of basic rate constants, determination of reaction order.

Physical and chemical factors influencing the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical product: temperature, solvent, ionic strength, dielectric constant, specific & general acid base catalysis, Simple numerical problems. 

Stabilization of medicinal agents against common reactions like hydrolysis & oxidation. Accelerated stability testing in expiration dating of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Photolytic degradation and its prevention

PRACTICAL

1. Determination of particle size, particle size distribution using sieving method 

2. Determination of particle size, particle size distribution using Microscopic method 

3. Determination of bulk density, true density and porosity 

4. Determine the angle of repose and influence of lubricant on angle of repose 

5. Determination of viscosity of liquid using Ostwald’s viscometer 

6. Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different suspending agent 

7. Determination sedimentation volume with effect of different concentration of single suspending agent 

8. Determination of viscosity of semisolid by using Brookfield viscometer 

9. Determination of reaction rate constant first order. 

10. Determination of reaction rate constant second order 

11. Accelerated stability studies 

Recommended Books: (Latest Editions) 

1. Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin, Sixth edition 

2. Experimental pharmaceutics by Eugene, Parott. 

3. Tutorial pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn. 

4. Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical calculations, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia. 

5. Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets, Volume-1 to 3, Marcel Dekkar Inc. 

6. Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical dosage forms. Disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3. Marcel Dekkar Inc. 

7. Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C, and Manavalan R.