REMEDIAL BIOLOGY

UNIT I 

Living world: 

• Definition and characters of living organisms 
• Diversity in the living world 
• Binomial nomenclature 
• Five kingdoms of life and basis of classification. Salient features of Monera, Potista, Fungi, Animalia and Plantae, Virus, 

Morphology of Flowering plants 

Morphology of different parts of flowering plants – Root, stem, inflorescence, flower, leaf, fruit, seed.

General Anatomy of Root, stem, leaf of monocotyledons & Dicotylidones. 

UNIT II 

Body fluids and circulation 

• Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood 
• Composition and functions of lymph 
• Human circulatory system 
• Structure of human heart and blood vessels 
• Cardiac cycle, cardiac output and ECG 

Digestion and Absorption 

• Human alimentary canal and digestive glands 
• Role of digestive enzymes 
• Digestion, absorption and assimilation of digested food Breathing and respiration 

Human respiratory system 

• Mechanism of breathing and its regulation 
• Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration 
• Respiratory volumes

UNIT III  

Excretory products and their elimination 

• Modes of excretion 
• Human excretory system- structure and function 
• Urine formation 
• Rennin angiotensin system Neural control and coordination 

Definition and classification of nervous system 

• Structure of a neuron 
• Generation and conduction of nerve impulse 
• Structure of brain and spinal cord  
• Functions of cerebrum, cerebellum, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata 

Chemical coordination and regulation 

• Endocrine glands and their secretions 
• Functions of hormones secreted by endocrine glands 

Human reproduction 

• Parts of female reproductive system 
• Parts of male reproductive system 
• Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis 
• Menstrual cycle 

UNIT IV  

Plants and mineral nutrition: 

• Essential mineral, macro and micronutrients 
• Nitrogen metabolism, Nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation 

Photosynthesis 

Autotrophic nutrition, photosynthesis, Photosynthetic pigments, Factors affecting photosynthesis. 

UNIT V  

Plant respiration:Respiration, glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic). 

Plant growth and development 

Phases and rate of plant growth, Condition of growth,Introduction to plant growth regulators 

Cell - The unit of life 

• Structure and functions of cell and cell organelles.Cell division Tissues 
• Definition, types of tissues, location and functions.