UNIT-I
Herbs as raw materials
- Definition of herb,
- Herbal medicine,
- Herbal medicinal product,
- Herbal drug preparation
- Source of Herbs
- Selection, identification and authentication of herbal materials
- Processing of herbal raw material
- Good agricultural practices in cultivation of medicinal plants including Organic farming.
- Pest and Pest management in medicinal plants: Biopesticides/Bioinsecticides.
a) Basic principles involved in Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homeopathy
b) Preparation and standardization of Ayurvedic formulations viz Aristas and Asawas, Ghutika,Churna, Lehya and Bhasma.
UNIT-II
Nutraceuticals
General aspects, Market, growth, scope and types of products available in the market.
Health
benefits and role of Nutraceuticals in ailments like Diabetes, CVS diseases, Cancer, Irritable
bowel syndrome and various Gastro intestinal diseases.
Study of following herbs as health food:
- Alfaalfa,
- Chicory,
- Ginger,
- Fenugreek,
- Garlic,
- Honey,
- Amla,
- Ginseng,
- Ashwagandha,
- Spirulina
Herbal-Drug and Herb-Food Interactions:
General introduction to interaction and
classification.
Study of following drugs and their possible side effects and interactions:
- Hypercium,
- kava-kava,
- Ginkobiloba,
- Ginseng,
- Garlic,
- Pepper
- Ephedra.
UNIT-III
Sources and description of raw materials of herbal origin used via, fixed oils, waxes, gums
colours, perfumes, protective agents, bleaching agents, antioxidants in products such as skin
care, hair care and oral hygiene products.
Significance of substances of natural origin as excipients – colorants, sweeteners, binders, diluents, viscosity builders, disintegrants, flavors & perfumes.
Conventional herbal formulations like syrups, mixtures and tablets and Novel dosage forms
like phytosomes
UNIT- IV
a) Definition of the terms: Patent, IPR, Farmers right, Breeder’s right, Bioprospecting and
Biopiracy
b) Patenting aspects of Traditional Knowledge and Natural Products. Case study of Curcuma
& Neem.
Regulatory Issues - Regulations in India (ASU DTAB, ASU DCC), Regulation of
manufacture of ASU drugs - Schedule Z of Drugs & Cosmetics Act for ASU drugs.
UNIT-V
General Introduction to Herbal Industry
Herbal drugs industry: Present scope and future prospects.
A brief account of plant based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and
aromatic plants in India.
Components of GMP (Schedule – T) and its objectives
Infrastructural requirements, working space, storage area, machinery and equipments,
standard operating procedures, health and hygiene, documentation and records.
PRACTICAL
1. To perform preliminary phytochemical screening of crude drugs.
2. Determination of the alcohol content of Asava and Arista
3. Evaluation of excipients of natural origin
4. Incorporation of prepared and standardized extract in cosmetic formulations like creams,
lotions and shampoos and their evaluation.
5. Incorporation of prepared and standardized extract in formulations like syrups, mixtures
and tablets and their evaluation as per Pharmacopoeial requirements.
6. Monograph analysis of herbal drugs from recent Pharmacopoeias
7. Determination of Aldehyde content
8. Determination of Phenol content
9. Determination of total alkaloids
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
1. Textbook of Pharmacognosy by Trease & Evans.
2. Textbook of Pharmacognosy by Tyler, Brady & Robber.
3. Pharmacognosy by Kokate, Purohit and Gokhale
4. Essential of Pharmacognosy by Dr.S.H.Ansari
5. Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry by V.D.Rangari
6. Pharmacopoeal standards for Ayurvedic Formulation (Council of Research in
Indian Medicine & Homeopathy)
7. Mukherjee, P.W. Quality Control of Herbal Drugs: An Approach to Evaluation of
Botanicals. Business Horizons Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2002.
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